present tense, its forms and examples.

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1.) PRESENT TENSE

It tells that the action is done, continued or perfected in the present time.

Examples: 1.)  He reads.

                    2.) He is reading. 

                    3.) He has read.  

                    4.) I have been reading.  

(I) Simple Present ( indefinite) Tense.

➤ Structure

The simple present tense is formed using the root form of the verb (V1).  An 's' or 'es' is added to the verb to make it agree with the third person singular like 'he',  'she', 'it', etc.

Negative sentences are formed by using 'do not/does not + V1'.

interrogative sentence are formed by using 'do/does + subject + V1'.

➤Uses  

The simple present tense is used :

1.) To talk of something which happens regularly or is done as a habit.

•   He drinks coffee. 
•   I always take tea without sugar.
•   We go to temple every Tuesday.

2.) To express natural or universal truths. 

•    The suns sets in the west.
•    Waters freezes at 0°C.
•    Man is mortal. 

3.) To express a fact or something that is true at the moment.

• All trains stop here for five minutes. 
• She teaches English in a government school.

(II) Present continuous Tense.

➤Structure

The present continuous tense is formed by using 'is/am/are + V1 + ing'.

Negative sentences are formed by using 'not' after 'is/am/are'. 

Interrogative sentences  are formed by placing 'is/am/are' before the subject.

  ➤Uses  

The present continuous tense is used:

1.) To express an action happening at the time of speaking.

• I am learning computers.
• She is reading a storybook.

2.) To express an action in progress but not necessarily at the time of speaking.

• He is learning French these days.
• They are writing stories.

3.) To express a definite programme / schedule in the near future. The time of action is        mentioned in the such cases.

• I am going to America next weekend.
• I am meeting James at the mall tonight.

(III) Present perfect tense.

➤Structure

The present perfect tense is formed using 'has/have' + past participle form of the verb (V3)'. 

Negative sentences are formed by using 'not' after/has/have'.

Interrogative sentences are formed by placing 'has/have' before the subject.

 ➤Uses  

The present perfect tense is used:

1.) to express an action completed recently. with such actions we often use 'just', 'recently', 'now', etc. 

• I have just arrived.
• He has completed his work now.

2.) To express the action of the past when the time is not given. 

• I have completed my home work.
• Have you had breakfast?

(IV) Present perfect continuous Tense.

➤Structure

The present perfect continuous tense is formed by using 'has/have + been + -ing'.

The negative is formed by placing 'not' after 'has/have'.

Interrogative sentences are formed by placing 'has/have' before the subject.

  ➤Uses  

The present perfect continuous tense is used:

1.) To express an action that began sometime in the past and still going on.

• It has been raining since 6 am.
• How long have you been watching T.V?

2.) To express an action which is already finished but whose effect or result is still there.

• He is shivering because he has been bathing for an hour.
• The boys have bee running round the town all day and they are tired now.

Final thought for you:-

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